{"id":24863,"date":"2024-10-28T16:56:19","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T09:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/?p=24863"},"modified":"2024-10-28T17:01:04","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T10:01:04","slug":"duc-la-gi-uu-nhuoc-diem-cac-loai-phuong-phap-duc-khac-nhau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/duc-la-gi-uu-nhuoc-diem-cac-loai-phuong-phap-duc-khac-nhau\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u01afu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00fac v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf trong n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fac l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 khi kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng, ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng khu\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau<\/span><\/h2>\n

1. \u0110\u00fac c\u00e1t<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, ph\u1ee5 gia v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u01a1n khu\u00f4n. N\u1ec1n c\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1t silic, c\u00e1t olivin, c\u00e1t cromit, c\u00e1t zircon, c\u00e1t chamotte.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

Khu\u00f4n c\u1eaft c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n, g\u1ed3m n\u1eeda tr\u00ean (cope) v\u00e0 n\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi (drag). Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Sau \u0111\u00f3 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt b\u1edbt nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n sau c\u00f9ng. Khu\u00f4n c\u00e1t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fac c\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111a n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0o, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1eaft th\u00e9p v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea7u xi lanh, tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u, c\u00e1nh tuabin,.\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ebb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p, titan.<\/span><\/td>\n

– \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1t sau khi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gia c\u00f4ng h\u1eadu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2. \u0110\u00fac tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/h3>\n

Trong quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f3t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n khi kim lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i trong l\u00f2ng khu\u00f4n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y khu\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n, ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng hay l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c than ch\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edf d\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ngang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t nghi\u00eang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00fac tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ec, k\u1ebdm, nh\u00f4m, magie, \u0111\u1ed3ng thau v\u00e0 gang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 sinh b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00fac khu\u00f4n c\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, v\u1ecf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1, \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i, v\u00e0nh xe, piston \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1,…<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

– S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 dung sai ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac ra kh\u1ecfi khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft l\u00f5m tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3. \u0110\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c<\/a> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 k\u1ebdm, thi\u1ebfc, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u01a1m nhanh kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng. Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao. Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. C\u00f2n v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p th\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c \u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y khu\u00f4n. Trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u01a1m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n. Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 dung sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gia c\u00f4ng sau \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf khu\u00f4n.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Chi ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

4. \u0110\u00fac m\u1eabu ch\u1ea3y<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00fac m\u1eabu ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu s\u00e1p v\u1edbi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh khu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed1m. M\u1eabu s\u00e1p sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t h\u1ebft ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00f2ng khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fac. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mong mu\u1ed1n. Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac m\u1eabu ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1p t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fac m\u1eabu ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng hay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, c\u1ed1p xe, \u0111\u0129a xe m\u00e1y hay nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gia c\u00f4ng sau \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00f3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n do nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o khu\u00f4n m\u1edbi cho m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

5. \u0110\u00fac khu\u00f4n th\u1ea1ch cao<\/span><\/h3>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fac c\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ch\u1ed7 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p th\u1ea1ch cao. Do \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t dung th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch cao, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1t, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n m\u1ecfng. Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac th\u1ea1ch cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 30 gram, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac l\u1edbn t\u1edbi 45kg. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 1mm c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n th\u1ea1ch cao n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb5n m\u1ecbn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t chi ph\u00ed cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

– So v\u1edbi c\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch cao kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

6. \u0110\u00fac ly t\u00e2m<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac ly t\u00e2m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean th\u00e0nh khu\u00f4n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 hay c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng quanh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac ly t\u00e2m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n quay tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ean trong khu\u00f4n \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ba bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac ly t\u00e2m d\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00fac ly t\u00e2m ngang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac ly t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00fac ly t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 d\u00e0i, \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, \u0111\u0129a ly h\u1ee3p, v\u00f2ng piston, \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t xi lanh\u2026 Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac ly t\u00e2m, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa khu\u00f4n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i, co ng\u00f3t v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cao, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/td>\n

– \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ly t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

7. \u0110\u00fac m\u1eabu ch\u00e1y<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00fac m\u1eabu ch\u00e1y hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac m\u1eabu h\u00f3a kh\u00ed c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac m\u1eabu ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p (foam) l\u00e0m m\u1eabu thay v\u00ec b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1p. Sau khi m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, gh\u00e9p ch\u00f9m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 s\u01a1n c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n trong khu\u00f4n h\u00f2m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1t r\u1ed3i r\u00f3t kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o, m\u1eabu x\u1ed1p ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ebd l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu x\u1ed1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac m\u1eabu ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim, th\u00e9p cacbon, gang h\u1ee3p kim hay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat m\u1eabu ra kh\u1ecfi khu\u00f4n n\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn khu\u00f4n, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fac c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t cao, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sai s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, v\u00f2i ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y, van, h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac m\u1eabu ch\u00e1y n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– V\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kinh t\u1ebf cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 \u00edt ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Chi ph\u00ed m\u1eabu cao cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– M\u1eabu x\u1ed1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng hay h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng m\u1eabu.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cao, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

8. \u0110\u00fac ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00fac ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng 100bar ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed ra kh\u1ecfi khoang khu\u00f4n. Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong l\u00f2ng khoang khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u00fat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ra kh\u1ecfi khu\u00f4n gi\u00fap kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y d\u1ea7n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong khu\u00f4n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fac ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh cho b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 k\u1eb9t kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed tr\u00ean v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau g\u1ed3m \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u2026 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 khung g\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e2n xe \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Khu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ng\u1eafn.<\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1eabn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed7ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

9. \u0110\u00fac n\u00e9n<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, khu\u00f4n g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n khu\u00f4n c\u00e1i v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ef1c, khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n c\u00e1i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu \u0111\u00fac.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac n\u00e9n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00e9p n\u00e9n gi\u00fap cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba co ng\u00f3t v\u00e0 r\u1ed7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fac n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fac n\u00e9n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u1edbp khung trung gian, kh\u1edbp l\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khung g\u1ea7m, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u00ean trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, co ng\u00f3t.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

– M\u1eabu \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

10. \u0110\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thanh th\u00e9p, ph\u00f4i gia c\u00f4ng\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00fac<\/p>\n

Trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong khu\u00f4n h\u1edf, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p kim lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ra v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– Ph\u1ea1m vi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i milimet \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m m\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng co ng\u00f3t \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng s\u00e0n x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau<\/span><\/h2>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu, ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o khu\u00f4n, r\u00f3t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n