{"id":24848,"date":"2024-10-22T16:37:31","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T09:37:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/?p=24848"},"modified":"2024-10-22T16:37:31","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T09:37:31","slug":"cac-dinh-dang-file-in-3d-va-cach-su-dung-phu-hop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/cac-dinh-dang-file-in-3d-va-cach-su-dung-phu-hop\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng file in 3D v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng file kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng file STL, AMF, 3MF v\u00e0 OBJ. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang, \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Tinh H\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng file in 3D tr\u00ean v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh in 3D c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng file v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p in 3D, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D. M\u00e1y in 3D t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp (Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <\/span>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D hi\u1ec7n nay<\/span><\/i><\/a>). Do v\u1eady, sau khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p in 3D, b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u1eaft l\u00e1t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng n\u1eb1m ngang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y in 3D.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Quy<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1eaft l\u00e1t sau \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e9t c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra G-Code, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y in 3D th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 mong mu\u1ed1n. T\u1ec7p G-Code n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y in \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in 3D. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1eaft l\u00e1t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng file 3D ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 STEP, IPT v\u00e0 SLDPRT. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y in 3D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1eaft l\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p in 3D m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa file m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3D v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"V\u00ed
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 G-Code (Ngu\u1ed3n: 3Dpea.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ee9a trong t\u1ec7p in 3D r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 in th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u00e3 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Th\u00f4ng tin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p CAD 3D th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho in 3D, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p in 3D chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p in 3D hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 STL, AMF, 3MF v\u00e0 OBJ. Ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng STL, 3MF, AMF v\u00e0 OBJ<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1eadp tin<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nL\u01b0u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111u\u00f4i<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nH\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nK\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp tin<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3MF<\/span><\/td>\n.3mf<\/span><\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111a n\u0103ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau<\/span><\/td>\nNh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><\/td>\nH\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 STL; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/td>\n2-30 MB, n\u00e9n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap gi\u1eef k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AMF<\/span><\/td>\n.amf<\/span><\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u1eabu m\u00e0u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><\/td>\nH\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u; l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><\/td>\n\u00cdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi m\u00e1y in 3D v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m; ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n STL<\/span><\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 10-100 MB, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OBJ<\/span><\/td>\n.obj<\/span><\/td>\nC\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><\/td>\nH\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u; cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb chi ti\u1ebft cao<\/span><\/td>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec7p (h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u)<\/span><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u: 5-50 MB; c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u: l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m MB<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STL<\/span><\/td>\n.stl<\/span><\/td>\nNguy\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng in 3D<\/span><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1-25 MB, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a xu\u1ed1ng 100 KB v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp tin STL<\/span><\/h2>\n

STL (STereoLithography) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t trong in 3D. T\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y in 3D c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn STL tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m CAD 3D v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng in 3D.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a STL l\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p gh\u00e9p h\u00ecnh. Gh\u00e9p h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e1t g\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p STL, d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cong, c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c nh\u1ecf t\u00f9y \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ec7p c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1eb7c
\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng STL c\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c (Ngu\u1ed3n: 3dnatives.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng STL l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec t\u1ec7p STL v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y in 3D ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong in 3D th\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1eabu in hi\u1ec7n nay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi in 3D c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p STL \u0111ang c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong in 3D.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p in 3D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1c file in 3D STL tr\u00ean c\u00e1c website chia s\u1ebb tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

– M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cong th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp tin c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3D. Nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u00ednh n\u0103ng scale v\u00e0 units kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp tin AMF<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng file in 3D AMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a STL, n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p tin STL, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Hoa K\u1ef3 (ASTM) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi STL, \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng AMF c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p chia tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7, c\u00e1c tam gi\u00e1c trong AMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ec7p tin nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u00edt h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cong.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1eb7c
C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh gh\u00e9p tam gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong (Ngu\u1ed3n: Wikipedia)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p AMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3n sao, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin STL.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n

– K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp tin nh\u1ecf.<\/span><\/td>\n

– H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m in 3D.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp tin 3MF<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p AMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p trong ng\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c in 3D bao g\u1ed3m Autodesk, 3D Systems, Stratasys, HP, Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh 3MF. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p in 3D 3MF r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi AMF nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1eb7c
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ec7p 3MF (Ngu\u1ed3n: ultimaker.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a li\u00ean minh 3MF, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p in 3D 3MF l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng 3MF c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a AMF, h\u01a1n h\u1ebft n\u00f3 c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 cong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 bo tr\u00f2n cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u in v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u 3MF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng XML, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p 3MF h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 in, m\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao trong in 3D.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

– L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

– L\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trong m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb t\u00ednh ph\u00ed.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp tin OBJ<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng OBJ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi WaveFront Technologies, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p trao \u0111\u1ed5i trung t\u00ednh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p in 3D s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

OBJ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng STL. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi STL ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, OBJ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p MTL (M\u1eabu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u) \u0111i k\u00e8m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed7i t\u1ec7p OBJ ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi t\u1ec7p MTL t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in m\u00e0u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng OBJ l\u00e0 n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c, \u0111a gi\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p OBJ l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
– L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p chu\u1ea9n trung l\u1eadp, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/span><\/td>\n

– Ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>\n

– D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp tin STEP<\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u1ec7p tin STEP (STP) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong CAD v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3D chi ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ec7p STEP kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 in 3D v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 in 3D. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m CAD kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 SolidWorks ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y in t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y in 3D.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1ecbnh
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ec7p STEP (Ngu\u1ed3n: Visao)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u1ec7p in 3D<\/span><\/h2>\n