{"id":15436,"date":"2022-06-01T10:17:41","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T10:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/?p=15436"},"modified":"2024-07-18T16:06:58","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T09:06:58","slug":"pcd-la-gi-dung-cu-cat-pcd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/pcd-la-gi-dung-cu-cat-pcd\/","title":{"rendered":"PCD l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft PCD trong c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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PCD l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Polycrystalline Diamond (Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3), v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nung k\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i x\u00fac t\u00e1c. PCD c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u1ea5m xem th\u00eam CBN\/PCD Sumitomo<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n PCD c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ef1c cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gia c\u00f4ng trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn g\u1ed7, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n N\u0103m 1797, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 cacbon nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng cacbon r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 James Hannay v\u00e0 Ferdinand Moissan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1879 v\u00e0 1893. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a cacbon th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng than c\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a 3500<\/span>o<\/span><\/sup> C. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed1c n\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng cacbon b\u00ean trong ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 nung n\u00f3ng t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Hannay, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng nung n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda, trong khi Moissan \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang. S\u1eaft n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i s\u1eaft gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 co l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft, t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn than ch\u00ec th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p sau n\u00e0y. PCD ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1954, khi General Electric ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt, th\u00e9p gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u0103m 1927, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft t\u1eeb tungsten carbide l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng.<\/span>\u00a0Sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, PCD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh HPHT (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao – \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh c\u1eaft PCD l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n Trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o PCD n\u00f3i chung, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PCD trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n PCD c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 5000 kgf\/mm2<\/sup>. V\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tungsten carbide.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, PCD kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft kh\u00e1c, do kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 carbon tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eaft c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi carbon cao, cho n\u00ean \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft cao, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb 700o<\/sup> C tr\u1edf l\u00ean, \u00e1i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft v\u1edbi carbon t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed carbon b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o s\u1eaft, l\u00e0m cho l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft PCD nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, v\u1ee1, g\u00e3y.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean PCD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt<\/a> nh\u01b0 m\u0169i khoan<\/a>, dao phay<\/a> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh c\u1eaft cho dao ti\u1ec7n<\/a>, doa v\u00e0 dao phay g\u1eafn m\u1ea3nh.<\/span><\/p>\nL\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a PCD<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n
\u200d<\/span>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a PCD<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a PCD trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n