{"id":14806,"date":"2022-02-14T03:41:34","date_gmt":"2022-02-14T03:41:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/?p=14806"},"modified":"2024-07-18T08:46:57","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T01:46:57","slug":"mai-mon-va-tuoi-ben-cua-dung-cu-cat-got-kim-loai-nganh-co-khi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/mai-mon-va-tuoi-ben-cua-dung-cu-cat-got-kim-loai-nganh-co-khi\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i<\/a> \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 hao m\u00f2n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Tinh H\u00e0<\/strong><\/a> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i<\/strong> trong ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e0i m\u00f2n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ecd x\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c va ch\u1ea1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i, do s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt b\u1edfi n\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n

\"M\u00e0i<\/p>\n

M\u00e0i m\u00f2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt (dao ti\u1ec7n<\/a>, dao phay<\/a>, khoan<\/a>,…) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a dao c\u1eaft, x\u1ea3y ra k\u00e8m theo nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00fd h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft v\u1edbi phoi v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft ph\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Shaw th\u00ec m\u00e0i m\u00f2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m do ch\u1ea3y d\u00ednh, c\u00e0o x\u01b0\u1edbc, oxy h\u00f3a, khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00f2n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt, tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1eaft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Loffer trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft (hay v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1eaft) l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. V\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1eaft th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00f2n do d\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e0o x\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. V\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1eaft t\u0103ng (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft cao) th\u00ec d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.1 M\u00f2n do c\u00e0o x\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00ec c\u00e0o x\u01b0\u1edbc (d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u1eaft \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec7t c\u1eaft th\u1ea5p. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f2n do c\u00e0o x\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 phoi c\u00e0o x\u01b0\u1edbc (m\u00e0i m\u00f2n) c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 phoi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"M\u00f2n<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf v\u0103ng ra t\u1eeb chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e0o tr\u00f3c \u0111i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ebft m\u00f2n x\u01b0\u1edbc song song v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tho\u00e1t phoi t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0o x\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi b\u1ecb l\u1eb9o dao, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a l\u1eb9o dao g\u00e2y ra m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2 M\u00f2n do ch\u1ea3y d\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

M\u00e0i m\u00f2n do ch\u1ea3y d\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u00f2n do b\u00e1m d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft. Khi hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn, ph\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t so v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec m\u00f2n do d\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn. Khi s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t x\u1ea3y ra, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t (bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo) d\u00ednh sang b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh m\u00f2n r\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea3nh m\u00f2n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f2n do m\u1ecfi \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y d\u1ebbo, d\u00ednh v\u00e0o phoi v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra m\u00f2n dao. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ch\u1ea3y d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1eaft v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh bi\u00ean t\u00edch t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft. Khi bi\u00ean t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft s\u1ebd v\u1ee1, do v\u1eady xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t nhanh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"M\u00e0i<\/p>\n

1.3 M\u00f2n v\u00ec oxy h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00f2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bong ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp oxy h\u00f3a. Khi gia c\u00f4ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n k\u00e9m n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra m\u00f2n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau li\u00ean t\u1ee5c khi l\u1edbp oxy h\u00f3a c\u0169 b\u1ecb bong t\u00e1ch ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00ednh. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec m\u00f2n do d\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ea1nh do l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng oxy h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.4 M\u00f2n do khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

M\u00f2n v\u00ec khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n x\u1ea3y ra do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ebd khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0o phoi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra m\u00f2n tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eaft t\u1ea1o phoi d\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nhi\u1ec7t c\u1eaft cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi dao h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng (\u03b8\u00b0 = 800\u00b0 \u00f7 1000\u00b0C) th\u00ec d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb m\u00f2n do khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n. B\u1edfi trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 (h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng nh\u00f4m TK, TTK\u2026) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a Titan. Khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu n\u00f3ng th\u00ec m\u00f2n v\u00ec khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 500\u00b0\u0421 \u2013 600\u00b0C.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.5 M\u00f2n do nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

Khi gia c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 do th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf n\u00ean khi c\u1eaft nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y do nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0i m\u00f2n do nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.6 M\u00f2n do l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 bay h\u01a1i<\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt<\/a> c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00f2n ch\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra khi gia c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u1ee9t, v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 bong ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00f2n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n. S\u1ef1 g\u00e3y v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao khi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, n\u1ec1n b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t, v\u1ee1 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n \u0111i c\u00f9ng phoi khi\u1ebfn cho n\u1ec1n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 ra. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, v\u00f9ng n\u1ec1n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt, do c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft (chip ti\u1ec7n, dao ti\u1ec7n, dao phay ng\u00f3n, dao phay m\u1eb7t,…) th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u00f2n theo nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

– M\u00e0i m\u00f2n theo m\u1eb7t sau (a)<\/span><\/p>\n

– M\u00e0i m\u00f2n theo m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc (b)<\/span><\/p>\n

– M\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau (c)<\/span><\/p>\n

– M\u00f2n t\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft (d)<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1 M\u00e0i m\u00f2n theo m\u1eb7t sau<\/h3>\n

D\u1ea1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t sau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u1eaft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ebbo v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf (a < 0.1 mm) ho\u1eb7c khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00f2n (nh\u01b0 gang).<\/span><\/p>\n

Chi\u1ec1u cao m\u00f2n theo m\u1eb7t sau hs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o trong m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2 M\u00e0i m\u00f2n theo m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n

D\u1ea1ng m\u00f2n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi phoi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t ra tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng (c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec1n) n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft m\u00f2n l\u00f5m c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. V\u1ebft l\u00f5m l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc do v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb b\u00f3c theo phoi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ebft l\u00f5m m\u00e0i m\u00f2n theo m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecdc theo l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u r\u00e3nh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00e3nh (\u0111o theo m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e0i m\u00f2n theo m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ebbo v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y c\u1eaft l\u1edbn (a > 0.6mm). Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3 M\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau<\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft m\u1edbi tr\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft. Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m theo c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau khi\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi gia c\u00f4ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ebbo v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y c\u1eaft a = 0,1 \u00f7 0,5mm.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.4 M\u00f2n t\u00f9 (c\u00f9n) l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft<\/h3>\n

D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecdc theo l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng cung h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cung \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o trong ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft. M\u00f2n t\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ebbo. Do nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u0169i dao n\u00ean dao b\u1ecb c\u00f9n nhanh.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

\"M\u00e0i<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ea7n m\u00e0i s\u1eafc, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p theo m\u1eb7t sau v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng th\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c tinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf trong gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt. T\u00f9y v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1eaft m\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft, qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f2n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u00fd do sau:<\/span><\/p>\n