{"id":13860,"date":"2021-11-05T09:04:33","date_gmt":"2021-11-05T09:04:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/?p=13860"},"modified":"2024-09-11T11:14:44","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T04:14:44","slug":"ung-dung-cua-cac-loai-vat-lieu-gang-trong-co-khi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/ung-dung-cua-cac-loai-vat-lieu-gang-trong-co-khi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Gang Trong C\u01a1 Kh\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Gang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. V\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n, ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, gang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, th\u00e2n m\u00e1y, tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean gang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gang c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Tinh H\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gang v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u00bb S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean quan: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/dong-chip-tien-sumitomo-ac4000k-dung-cho-gang\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ea3nh dao ti\u1ec7n AC4000K d\u00f9ng cho gang<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h2>Gang tr\u1eafng<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13864\" src=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-trang.jpg\" alt=\"Gang tr\u1eafng\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-trang.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-trang-533x400.jpg 533w, https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-trang-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang tr\u1eafng <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(white cast iron)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim Fe &#8211; C v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2,14%, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t Mn, Si, P, S\u2026 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t nhanh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh t\u1eeb gang l\u1ecfng. Gang tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean gang tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi b\u1ecb g\u00e3y th\u00ec m\u1eb7t g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng s\u00e1ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c. Do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao C s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn gang b\u1ecb gi\u00f2n n\u00ean trong ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gang tr\u1eafng ch\u1ee9a 3 &#8211; 3,5% cacbon.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang tr\u1eafng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Si, C, Mn, S v\u00e0 P, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang tr\u1eafng h\u1ee3p kim cao, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang tr\u1eafng h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 5%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n, t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fac k\u00e9m, kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt n\u00ean gang tr\u1eafng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gang d\u1ebbo ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e1y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao nh\u01b0 bi nghi\u1ec1n, tr\u1ee5c c\u00e1n\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h2>Gang x\u00e1m<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13865\" src=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-xam.jpg\" alt=\"Gang x\u00e1m\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-xam.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-xam-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-xam-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang x\u00e1m <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(gray cast iron)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim Fe &#8211; C trong \u0111\u00f3 cacbon t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng grafit t\u1ea5m, c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 2,8 &#8211; 3,5% C; 1,5 &#8211; 3% Si; 0,5 &#8211; 1% Mn; 0,1 &#8211; 0,2% P; S \u2264 0,08% v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 0,1 &#8211; 0,12% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo\u1ea1i gang n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00f3 graphit n\u00ean m\u1eb7t g\u00e3y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gang x\u00e1m, n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gang x\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 pherit, peclit-pherit, peclit. G\u00e1ng x\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Vi\u1ec7t Nam TCVN 1659 &#8211; 75 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u gang x\u00e1m l\u00e0 GX c\u00f9ng hai s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n; theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G1800, G2500, G3000, G3500, G4000 (chu\u1ea9n SAE J431) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00e1c 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 (chu\u1ea9n ASTM) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ksi; theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Nh\u1eadt JIS c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c FC100, FC150, FC200, FC250, FC300, FC350, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Mpa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a graphit n\u00ean gang x\u00e1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai th\u1ea5p n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n n\u00e9n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. Gang x\u00e1m d\u1ec5 n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p (1350\u00b0C) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang x\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u00edt va \u0111\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n m\u00e1y, b\u1ec7 m\u00e1y, \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc,.. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00ec gang x\u00e1m ch\u1ecbu ma s\u00e1t t\u1ed1t. Gang x\u00e1m c\u00e1c m\u00e1c GX12 &#8211; 28, GX15 -32 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1ecf h\u1ed9p, n\u1eafp che v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u; c\u00e1c m\u00e1c GX21 &#8211; 40, GX28 &#8211; 48 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0, th\u00e2n m\u00e1y; C\u00e1c m\u00e1c GX36 &#8211; 56, GX40 &#8211; 60 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1ecf xi lanh, b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng ch\u1eef V, tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh\u2026 v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao. Gang x\u00e1m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t s\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h2>Gang c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13866\" src=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-cau.jpg\" alt=\"Gang c\u1ea7u\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-cau.jpg 750w, https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-cau-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang c\u1ea7u <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ductile iron) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1edd bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh gang x\u00e1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 Mg, Ce v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra graphit d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1ea7n 2 b\u1eb1ng FeSi, CaSi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn tr\u1eafng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gang c\u1ea7u sau khi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng bao g\u1ed3m 3 &#8211; 3,6% C; 2 &#8211; 3% Si; 0,5 &#8211; 1% Mn; 0,04 &#8211; 0,08% Mg; Ni &lt; 2%; P &lt; 0,15%; S &lt; 0,03%. Nh\u00ecn b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, gang c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 gang x\u00e1m n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 2 lo\u1ea1i gang n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Vi\u1ec7t Nam TCVN 1659 &#8211; 75, gang c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 GC c\u00f9ng hai s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 GC45-15); theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c D4018, D4512, D5506, D7003 trong \u0111\u00f3 hai ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9\u00a0 theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ksi, hai ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 sau ch\u1ec9\u00a0 theo % (chu\u1ea9n SAE) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00e1c 60 &#8211; 40 &#8211; 18, 60 45 -12, 80 &#8211; 60 &#8211; 3, 100 &#8211; 70 &#8211; 3, 120 &#8211; 90 &#8211; 2 (chu\u1ea9n ASTM); theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Nh\u1eadt JIS c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c FCD370, FCD400, FCD450, FCD500, FCD600, FCD700, FCD800, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb MPa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do graphit t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7u n\u00ean gang c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gang, cao h\u01a1n gang x\u00e1m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. Gang c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/phan-loai-va-ung-dung-cua-vat-lieu-thep-trong-nganh-co-khi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">th\u00e9p<\/a> (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 C20 &#8211; C45), v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gang. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gang c\u1ea7u c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1edfi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh n\u00ean gang c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e1y trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1eb9 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hao ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o v\u00e0 va \u0111\u1eadp cao (nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u, tr\u1ee5c c\u00e1n, \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn, song ch\u1eafn, n\u1eafp h\u1ed1 ga,&#8230; v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed r\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cao v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gia c\u00f4ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h2>Gang d\u1ebbo<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13867\" src=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-deo.jpg\" alt=\"Gang d\u1ebbo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-deo.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-deo-711x400.jpg 711w, https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-deo-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gang-deo-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang d\u1ebbo <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(malleable iron) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee7 gang tr\u1eafng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i (kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 900 &#8211; 1050<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> C \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo cao. Gang tr\u1eafng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 th\u00ec xementit trong gang tr\u1eafng s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh graphit c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf. T\u00f9y theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gang d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ferit, peclit ho\u1eb7c ferit-peclit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gang d\u1ebbo bao g\u1ed3m 2 b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00fac chi ti\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng gang tr\u1eafng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ee6 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 900 &#8211; 1050<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> C trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 70 &#8211; 100 gi\u1edd.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gang c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u gang x\u00e1m) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai cao, do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng graphit trong gang d\u1ebbo \u00edt h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gang kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gang d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n k\u00e9m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do c\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao n\u00ean gang d\u1ebbo ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng, ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y k\u00e9o, \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t\u2026 N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i van n\u01b0\u1edbc, van c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed. Ngo\u00e0i ra, gang d\u1ebbo c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/quy-trinh-gia-cong-co-khi-chinh-xac\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<h2>Gang giun<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang giun \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh gang x\u00e1m. T\u1eeb gang x\u00e1m \u1edf th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng, sau khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Ce, Mg v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t graphit h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 FeSi, CaSi\u2026 ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i gang c\u00f3 graphit t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng giun, l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng trung gian gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do c\u00f3 graphit t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng giun n\u00ean gang giun c\u00f3 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi gang c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi gang x\u00e1m (d\u1ec5 \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang giun c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho gang c\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 n\u1eafp v\u00e0 bloc xilanh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111iezen, secmang, gu\u1ed1c phanh t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa, khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac th\u00e9p\u2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gang x\u00e1m bi\u1ebfn tr\u1eafng <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(flame-hardened gray iron)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, gang graphit ng\u1eafn <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(compacted graphite iron)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, gang Niken c\u1ee9ng, gang Niken ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n gang Niken c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng gang v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gia c\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. H\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ngay v\u1edbi Tinh H\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/ixox.net\/dung-cu-cat-got-co-khi-chinh-xac\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt<\/a> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. V\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n, ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, gang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, th\u00e2n m\u00e1y, tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u, [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":13863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[518],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-ky-thuat"],"lang":"vi","translations":{"vi":13860},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13860"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13860"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24729,"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13860\/revisions\/24729"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}