M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Vicker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Vicker<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ty Vicker v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng duy nh\u1ea5t 1 m\u0169i \u0111o kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1ng ch\u00f3p, g\u00f3c 2 c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n 136<\/span>o <\/span>. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 50N, 100N, 200N, 300N, 500N, 1000N \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft l\u00f5m v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u1ea5n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u00e0 HV.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o Vicker c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- \u0110o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u0110o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng m\u1ecfng, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/span><\/li>\n
- C\u1ea7n k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, m\u00e1y \u0111o quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eabu v\u00e0 v\u1ebft l\u00f5m.<\/span><\/li>\n
- L\u1ef1c \u1ea5n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng 1 l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eabu th\u1eed, c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ebft l\u00f5m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2.3 M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell<\/h3>\n
Brinell<\/strong> l\u00e0 thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell<\/strong> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u0111o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell<\/strong> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u0169i th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean bi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 10mm, 5mm ho\u1eb7c 1mm v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u1ea5n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 3000kgf, 750kgf ho\u1eb7c 30kgf, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eabu th\u1eed trong 1 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ebft l\u00f5m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u1ebft l\u00f5m, s\u1ebd t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 HB. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng HB kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi HRB l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o Rockwell.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Brinell:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o nhanh, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 cao.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cong.<\/span><\/li>\n
- C\u1ea7n k\u00ednh l\u00fap c\u00f3 v\u1ea1ch \u0111o, ho\u1eb7c k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, m\u00e1y \u0111o quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ebft l\u00f5m.<\/span><\/li>\n
- L\u1ef1c \u1ea5n l\u00f5m ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng 1 l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eabu th\u1eed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o Brinell th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell v\u00e0 Vicker. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n2.4 M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Leeb<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Leeb<\/strong> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Leeb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng theo ki\u1ec3u b\u1eadt n\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a bi \u0111o. Theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c Leeb, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 va ch\u1ea1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Leeb (vi,vr) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo (m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a bi \u0111o ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n). M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi bi \u0111o n\u1ea9y l\u1ea1i, di chuy\u1ec3n qua cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111o.<\/span><\/p>\nM\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Leeb<\/strong> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhanh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1kg. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Leeb ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell, Vicker.<\/span><\/p>\n2.5 M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Shore<\/h3>\n
M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Shore<\/strong> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Durometer, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Shore \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi\u00a0 Albert F. Shore v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1920, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t minh ra thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Durometer.<\/span><\/p>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Shore<\/strong> \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo nh\u01b0 cao su, nh\u1ef1a, polime\u2026 C\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Shore c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i th\u1eed nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o Durometer. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean qua c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1eabu th\u1eed. Do t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n qua th\u1eddi gian, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Shore s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang \u0111o Shore A khi \u0111o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng cao su m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 thang \u0111o Shore D d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\nPh\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 sau.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n