{"id":12450,"date":"2021-07-13T07:38:52","date_gmt":"2021-07-13T07:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/?p=12450"},"modified":"2024-09-11T11:00:05","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T04:00:05","slug":"may-phay-cnc-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixox.net\/may-phay-cnc-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1y Phay CNC L\u00e0 G\u00ec? C\u1ea5u T\u1ea1o M\u00e1y Phay CNC"},"content":{"rendered":"
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M\u00e1y phay CNC l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng phay tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f4i th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh<\/span>i\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (Computer Numerical Control), cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng phay th\u00ec m\u00e1y phay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khoan, kho\u00e9t, c\u1eaft r\u00e3nh, c\u1eaft b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng\u2026 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean m\u00e1y phay CNC l\u00e0 dao phay CNC.<\/span><\/p>\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y phay CNC:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y phay CNC l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00ec m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y phay CNC \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n B\u00e0n m\u00e1y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft khu\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1<\/a>. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0n m\u00e1y ngang v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y d\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y phay CNC. B\u00e0n m\u00e1y c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng cao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong gia c\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y phay CNC s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u dao kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 20 \u0111\u1ea7u dao v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phay. \u0110\u1ea7u g\u1eafn dao c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p g\u1eafn nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i dao ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian gia c\u00f4ng do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i (ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ph\u1ea3i) thay dao. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i dao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u00e1y phay CNC th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n Tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng xoay tr\u00f2n cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i dao phay. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m motor ch\u00ednh, h\u1ed9p gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u00e1y phay th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a dao phay, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng X, Y, Z (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ee5c). Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y phay CNC c\u00f3 3 tr\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y phay CNC 4 tr\u1ee5c, 5 tr\u1ee5c\u2026 M\u1ed7i tr\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang nh\u1eefng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e9p dao phay ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n m\u00e1y di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng X, Y, Z \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gia c\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y phay CNC th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y phay CNC. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ee5m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y MCU (Machine Control Unit) v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng (Driving Unit).<\/span><\/p>\n M\u00e1y phay CNC bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CAD 2D ho\u1eb7c 3D chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t file \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m CAM<\/a> (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c). D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 2D hay 3D s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. M\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y phay CNC \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y phay cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y phay CNC gi\u00fap t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t cho m\u00e1y phay CNC c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho dao phay khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi dao phay quay v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa dao v\u00e0 ph\u00f4i s\u1ebd sinh ra nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t cho l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t cho dao phay v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y phay CNC c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 che ch\u1eafn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y tr\u00e1nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, tr\u00e1nh v\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong khi gia c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n
2. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y phay CNC<\/h2>\n
2.1 B\u00e0n m\u00e1y v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u00e1 k\u1eb9p<\/h3>\n
2.2 Dao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eafn dao<\/h3>\n
2.3 Tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n
2.4 B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n
2.5 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
2.6 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/h3>\n
2.7 Khung b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y<\/h3>\n
3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y phay CNC<\/h2>\n
3.1 Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
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